在Ubuntu上实现Python与Java的互操作可以通过多种方式实现,以下是几种常见的方法:
使用JPype库在Python中调用Java
JPype是一个允许Python代码直接调用Java类的库。以下是基本步骤:
安装JPype:
pip3 install jpype1
打包Java代码为JAR:编译Java类并打包为JAR文件。例如:
javac testDemo.javajar cvf testDemo.jar testDemo.class
在Python中调用Java:
from jpype import *import os# 启动Java虚拟机startJVM("/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/java", "-ea", "-Djava.class.path=/path/to/testDemo.jar")# 加载Java类JClass("testDemo")# 调用Java方法result = JClass("testDemo").inputTest("Hello")print(result)# 关闭Java虚拟机shutdownJVM()
使用Jython在Python中运行Java代码
Jython是Python语言的Java实现,允许Python代码直接调用Java类。以下是基本步骤:
安装Jython:
wget https://downloads.apache.org//jython/2.7.2/jython-standalone-2.7.2.jarjava -jar jython-standalone-2.7.2.jar
编写Java代码(例如
testDemo.java
):package com.example;public class testDemo { public String inputTest(String input) { return "Input content: " + input; }}
在Jython中调用Java:
from com.example import testDemodemo = testDemo()print(demo.inputTest("Hello"))
使用Apache Thrift进行跨语言调用
Apache Thrift是一个跨语言的服务定义框架,支持多种语言包括Python和Java。以下是基本步骤:
定义Thrift文件(例如
example.thrift
):namespace java com.examplenamespace py com.exampleservice SharedService { string constMap(1: string mapConstant) struct Work { 1: i32 num1 2: i32 num2 3: Operation op 4: optional string comment } enum Operation { ADD = 1 SUBTRACT = 2 MULTIPLY = 3 DIVIDE = 4 } struct SharedStruct { 1: i32 key 2: string value } sharedStruct getSharedStruct(1: string key)}
生成Java和Python代码:
thrift --gen java example.thriftthrift --gen py example.thrift
在Java中实现服务:
package com.example;import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException;import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;import org.apache.thrift.server.TSimpleServer;import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer;import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer.Args;import org.apache.thrift.impl.TMultiplexedProtocol;import org.apache.thrift.impl.TProtocolFactory;import org.apache.thrift.impl.TTransportFactory;public class SharedServiceImpl implements SharedService.Iface { @Override public Map
constMap(String mapConstant) { Map result = new HashMap<>(); result.put("mapConstant", mapConstant); return result; } public static void main(String[] args) { try { TTransport transport = new TSocket("localhost", 9090); transport.open(); TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport); SharedService.Client client = new SharedService.Client(protocol); TMultiplexedProtocol multiplexedProtocol = new TMultiplexedProtocol(protocol, "shared"); SharedService.Client sharedClient = new SharedService.Client(multiplexedProtocol); Map result = sharedClient.constMap("hello:world"); System.out.println(result); transport.close(); } catch (TTransportException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }} 在Python中调用Java服务:
from shared_service import SharedServicefrom thrift.transport import TSocketfrom thrift.transport import TTransportfrom thrift.protocol import TBinaryProtocoltransport = TSocket.TSocket('localhost', 9090)transport.open()protocol = TBinaryProtocol.TBinaryProtocol(transport)client = SharedService.Client(protocol)result = client.constMap({ 'hello': 'world'})print(result)transport.close()
通过以上方法,您可以在Ubuntu上实现Python与Java的互操作,选择适合您项目需求的方法进行实现。